When planning to enter (a) foreign market(s), you need to consider whether or not your current products will meet the needs of the foreign target market. After all, this market is likely to have a totally different environment that you will need to come to terms with. As we have mentioned before, this environment may have socio-cultural, legal, economic, technical and even geographic differences from the domestic market that you are familiar with. The market research investigations that you have undertaken should provide you with a good idea as to what product strategy you need to follow.

Technically, there are essentially three product strategies at your disposal. These are:

1. Sell the same product as you are currently selling in the domestic market, to all of your foreign target markets - product standardisation
   
2. Modify the product to meet the needs of the foreign environment - product adaptation
   
3. Invest in and develop a totally new product for the export market - new product development

Given the limited resources and competitive strengths of most companies, it is unlikely that your company would be able to tackle both a new market and invest in new product development simultaneously. It is also very seldom that companies can enter a foreign market without adapting their product at all (this is commonly referred to as product standardisation) - usually some form of product modification is necessary (if only very minor - this is referred to as product adaptation or product differentiation). The realistic choice at your disposal is therefore:

• Make only the minimum of changes to your product to meet the needs of the foreign marketplace; or
  
• Make significant changes to your product in order to meet the needs of the foreign marketplace

In choosing a particular product strategy, you need to compare the likely improvement in sales turnover and profit levels with the additional costs involved in, for example, product modifications, new market research, additional product R&D, and shorter production runs. However, the firm would first have to assess:

• How much is already known about the customer requirements in the various markets
  
• The extent to which these requirements differ
  
• Whether the various requirements could be met through superficial changes to the product (e.g. packaging) or whether the product will have to be completely redesigned
  
• The extent to which customers in different markets could, as a result of various promotional messages, be persuaded to accept a product which will have less than ideal characteristics, but would nevertheless be cheaper, rather than one which has been completely adapted to their needs but which will ultimately be more expensive
  
• The size of the market, as this would determine whether or not product modification would, in fact, be profitable

It should not be forgotten that the product is more than just a physical item - it is a bundle of utilities that the buyer receives. These utilities include the product's form, taste, colour, odour, texture, its packaging, labelling, warranty, service requirements, etc., as well as the actual functioning of the product. In short, the market will react to a product in the light of its own values and customs.

Let us briefly discuss the factors influencing the choice of product strategy.

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